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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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1990-09-17
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EDUCATION, Page 73Is an Ivy Degree Worth Remortgaging the Farm?
In his autobiography, The Education of Henry Adams, the author
somewhat sourly recalls teaching at Harvard in the 1870s. What
seemed to perplex Adams was the naive faith of his students that
their education somehow had a purpose and a utility. When he
finally asked an undergraduate what he intended to get out of his
studies, Adams was startled by the answer: "The degree of Harvard
College is worth money to me in Chicago."
The only aspect of this century-old anecdote that might be
dated is Adams' surprise. This year, when Harvard sifted through
12,843 applications to fill 1,605 places in the class of '93,
undoubtedly many of these would-be students (and their parents)
were motivated by equally crass considerations. Popular wisdom
asserts that getting a pedigree from an Ivy League school is worth
more in terms of future income and social standing than attending
any of several dozen other academically rigorous colleges and
universities.
With a Yale man in the White House and two others in key
Cabinet posts, it is easy to assume that sociological evidence
strongly buttresses this collegiate pecking order. But, in truth,
it is nearly impossible to calculate the value added by, say, a
Princeton degree compared with one from a selective but less
prestigious school. Totting up the comparative educational
backgrounds of honorees listed in Who's Who may reveal something
about those admitted to Princeton, but little about the quality of
the experience once there. For how do you separate out the effects
of an elite university from such life-shaping factors as family
background and IQ? And when do you measure alumni success -- at age
25, when young men and women may still be temporarily riding on the
reputation of their colleges, or at 70, when such credentials
belong to the distant past?
This is not to feign ignorance of how the world really works.
An Ivy education generally does carry with it useful social
networks, external prestige and the self-esteem that comes with
winning the college-admissions version of the Publishers Clearing
House sweepstakes. But these advantages tend to be small and
transitory, especially when compared with the weight that anxious
parents and students attribute to them. "For certain kinds of jobs,
a Harvard degree might help you get a foot in the door," says
economist Robert Klitgaard, the author of Choosing Elites. "But if
you look at outcomes -- earnings and social status -- it is very
hard to make the case that going to Harvard is worth eight times
going to UCLA, which is roughly the difference in their tuitions."
If there is a message in all this for high school seniors and
their parents nervously prepping for the college gauntlet, it is
simply "Relax." To its credit, American higher education remains
infinitely less hierarchical than that of Japan or France. In a
nation of second chances, no college admissions office -- not even
Harvard's -- has the power to either guarantee success or withhold
it.